فهرس المقال

• أولاً: عنوان البحث
• ثانياً: مقدمة البحث
• ثالثا: مشكلة البحث واسئلته
• رابعاً: أهداف البحث العلمي
• خامساً: الأهمية العلمية والعملية للبحث
• سادساً: حدود البحث العلمي
• سابعاً: منهج البحث وأدواته
• ثامناً: مجتمع البحث
• تاسعاً: الدراسات السابقة
• عاشراً: الاطار الزمني
• الحادي عشر:  قائمة المراجع
• فيديو: تعريف خطّة البحث وسبب أهميّتها

The Impact of Fostering Entrepreneurship Innovation in Multinational Enterprise on The Country National Economy – A Cross Sectional Comparison between the United Kingdom and the European Countries

Introduction:

In light of the continuous and increasing economic globalization, the idea of ​​entrepreneurial leadership has become a subject of concern to leaders and managers not only in their understanding of the topic but the ability to develop appropriate strategies for the success of organizations and the continuation of their competitive advantage, as leadership represented one of the competitive advantages of today's organizations and for the organization to succeed, after that it must put the vision that encourages entrepreneurial growth (McCann, & Ortega-Argilés, 2016)

Contemporary developments in the management approach show the importance of creativity and enriching the lives of workers as part of the field of administrative thought in contemporary business organizations. Therefore, Entrepreneurial innovation is an essential component of the process of creating wealth through an economic process called creative disintegration when markets are disturbed and the existing balance situation deteriorates in the market after entering a product or new service as this entry generates a new supply and demand for the new product or service which contributes to the survival and growth of organizations in the market (Lin & Nabergoj, 2014).

Entrepreneurial creativity is the engine and motivation that preserves capital and drives it towards development if it is employed for new consensus to form a new business or develop a previous business, but in a new way through creative ideas, which means that this feature is "one of the most important concerns of the entrepreneurial leadership that seeks to ensure success. The organization is in a changing and complex environment in terms of competition as is the reality of current business organizations" (Elert et. al., 2017) .

Introduction Conclusion

The "activities of multinational enterprises have varied and diversified in the European Union countries", some of which contributed to the provision of health services, especially in remote and border areas, and work to implement primary health care projects and reproductive health, especially for illegal immigrants, including what is specialized in the field of human rights and the defense of freedoms, including specialize in the field of education, training, and rehabilitation, including what contributed to caring for agricultural lands, and pursuing development strategies to combat diseases, especially AIDS, and among them the social characteristics of society, and in the field of child and family care, therefore "we find that multinational enterprises in the European Union countries have made Generations able to solve future problems with their knowledge and awareness" (Bosma et. al., 2018).

Problem Statement:

The development of contemporary entrepreneurial creativity for modern management in the European Union has contributed broadly to the production of many concepts that helped establish contemporary rules and foundations for modern management thought in Europe and the resulting broad developments of European entrepreneurial creativity, Therefore, entrepreneurial creativity is also an essential component of the process of creating national wealth For European Union countries by pushing the European national economy forward, which in turn is reflected in the income of European countries, due to the work provided by multinational enterprises in the European Union countries that achieve a degree of entry points that could lead to improving the economic position of the country (Bosma et. al., 2018).

Entrepreneurial innovation must arise before the application of any strategy that seeks to create this culture in the economic system, and the diffusion of this type of creative culture requires extensive effort and continuous operations to produce or reach it (Elert et. al., 2017), Therefore, we find that entrepreneurial innovation in the European Union countries, it can have an impact on the national economy of European countries, especially in the multinational enterprises operating in the European Union countries.

According to the study problem and the identified research gap, the researcher will seek to fill this gap through collecting the necessary data as will be shown later in the research methodology, in order to provide answers to the following main question:

“What is the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy?”

In the attempt of finding answers to the main study question, the researcher will seek to find answers to research questions:

Problem Questions:

1. Does entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom have an impact on the country's national economy?
2. Does entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises in European Countries have an impact on the country's national economy?
3. What is the level of innovation at multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom required to reach the degree of influence on the country's national economy?
4. What is the level of innovation at multinational enterprises in European Countries required to reach the degree of influence on the country's national economy?
5. Also, What is the innovation approach required for multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom to ensure that they have an impact on the country's national economy?
6. What is the innovation approach required for multinational enterprises in European Countries to ensure that they have an impact on the country's national economy?
7. Also, What are the foundations that prove the relationship between the entrepreneurship innovation of multinational enterprises and its impact on the state's national economy?

The aim of the proposed research is "to identify the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy".

More specifically, the research seeks to achieve the following objectives:

1. To critically review contemporary literature on the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy.
2. Also, to identify the relationship between entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises and the country's national economy ".
3. To identify the level of innovation at multinational enterprises required to reach the degree of influence on the country's national economy.
4. Also, to identify the innovation approach required for multinational enterprises to ensure that they have an impact on the country's national economy
5. To identify the foundations that prove the relationship between the entrepreneurship innovation of multinational enterprises and its impact on the state's national economy.

Importance of the Study:

The importance of the current study can be seen from two different aspects as the following:

Theoretical importance:

• "The scarcity of studies that dealt with studying the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy according to the knowledge of the researcher".
• "Highlighting the main entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises in multinational enterprises".
• "Prepare for future studies dealing with similar subjects".

Theoretical Importance:

• Spreading awareness and educating community members about the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy.
• The study results and recommendations are expected to benefit management, economic experts, and other stakeholders.
• Benefiting the researchers and future specialists intending to deal with related subjects.

Study Limitations:

• Time Limitations: The academic year 2019-2020
• Spatial Limitations: The United Kingdom and the European countries
• Objective Limitations: the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy
• Human Limitations: Management and staff of multinational enterprises

Study Methodology:

Introduction

The current section aims to provide a description for "the methodologies that will be used to achieve the objectives of the research". As mentioned earlier, the primary aim of the proposed research is to "identify the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy", to achieve this objective, the researcher will conduct a cross sectional comparison between the United Kingdom and the European Countries. In this section, the researcher will present the rational for the study and the equation to conduct the cross-sectional study in order to assess the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy as a continuation of the gaps identified in previous studies.

Rational for the mythology

The study of Anicic et al (2014) showed that entrepreneurship is recognized as one of the main contributors to economic growth and it also work as a source of employment. The study also emphasized that entrepreneurship can be considered as a key factor for desirable changes. Such changes include improvement in labor productivity and improvement in the quality of goods and services, better competition in the private sector, better use of current capacities, improvement in exports, and reduction in public and foreign debt.

According to Anicic et al (2014) we can see the link between entrepreneurship innovation and the economy as the following:

• Equation 1: Increased entrepreneurship innovation = Improvement in the Country National Economy

Where the improvement in the Country National Economy is determined as the following:

• Equation 2: Improvement in the Country National Economy = Improved labor productivity + improved quality of goods and services + Improved market performance + Improved capacities of workforce + Improved exports + reduction in public and foreign debt

Ensuring comparability:

While it is important to note that in order for an entrepreneurship to be considered successful and capable of contributing to the Improvement in the Country National Economy, the entrepreneurship should meet the following criteria noting that these criteria will be used to conduct the cross-sectional comparison to ensure that the obtained data is not biased (Rostarova & Rentkova, 2016):

1. Maturity of the business

An important indication when conducting the cross-sectional comparison is to consider the maturity of the businesses under comparison. In doing so, the researcher will utilize the configuration of business maturity model described by (Ahmed, & Capretz, 2011), where the researchers considered three dimensions in determining the maturity of the business, each dimension have a set of indications to judge on it. The following table shows these dimensions:

Source (Ahmed, & Capretz, 2011)

The above table will be applied to the sample multinational enterprises to ensure that the cross-sectional comparison is effective. 

2. Net present value

This represents the sum of the business discounted cash flows. This indicator will also be useful for the researcher to ensure that the cross-sectional comparison is effective and considering the differences between the targeted multinational enterprises.

3. Internal rate of return (IRR) or modified IRR

The researcher will also consider assessing the IRR of the targeted multinational enterprises to ensure proper categorization.

4. Profitability Index

The researcher will further apply the profitability indicators to the targeted multinational enterprises.

The previously mentioned criteria are of great importance for the researcher to ensure categorizing the targeted multinational enterprises in proper categorization for the comparison to be effective.

Applying the model:

The application of the study will involve the following:

1. Identifying the sample multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom and the European Countries

The researcher in coordination with the supervisor will conduct an in-depth review of related literature regarding the multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom and the European Countries.

2. Categorization of multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom and the European Countries

After identifying the targeted multinational enterprises in the United Kingdom and the European Countries, the researcher will categorize these enterprises using the above-mentioned criteria.

3. Assessing the contribution of each the targeted enterprise on the national economy:

This will be assessed using equation 2:

• Improvement in the Country National Economy = Improved labor productivity + improved quality of goods and services + Improved market performance + Improved capacities of workforce + Improved exports + reduction in public and foreign debt

​4. Assessing the Impact of Fostering Entrepreneurship Innovation in Multinational Enterprise on The Country National Economy

Using the results in step three, the researcher will be able to assess the extetn to which Fostering Entrepreneurship Innovation in Multinational Enterprise impact the Country National Economy as mentioned in equation 1:

• Equation 1: Increased entrepreneurship innovation = Improvement in the Country National Economy

Previous Studies:

1. Marcotte, 2014: "Entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging economies"

"This research aimed to gauge the perspectives of the economic and institutional contexts of emerging economies. Innovative entrepreneurship configurations, opportunity entrepreneurship, and contextual variables were assessed using cluster analysis in 16 emerging countries. The study found four profiles which are Schumpeter Mark I Innovative Entrepreneurship, Schumpeter Mark II Innovative Entrepreneurship, Kirznerian-Form Opportunity Entrepreneurship and Group Four described as a potential profile for Schumpeter Mark II. Economic and governance indicators were favorable in the two groups of innovative entrepreneurships, while contextual indicators of innovation were particularly favorable in the Schumpeter Mark II group".

2. Ramadani et al, 2017: "The impact of knowledge spillovers and innovation on firm-performance: findings from the Balkans countries"

This paper examined the factors that influence a company's performance. Using data from the business environment and enterprise performance surveys (BEEPS 2013-2014), the results indicated that the following has a positive impact on the company's performance: "(1) innovative activities; (2) cognitive consequences; (3) foreign ownership; And (4) the proportion of skilled workers in the workforce". Consequently, the paper argued that innovation activities are internally related to a company's performance, and that corporate performance is affected by the indirect effects of knowledge and innovation activities, among other characteristics of the company. The paper contributed to the literature by identifying dependency impacts and innovation activities as causal variables of a company's performance - a new approach to investigating cognitive consequences and innovation activities.

3. Urbano et al, 2016: "Social progress orientation and innovative entrepreneurship: an international analysis"

Using the institutional approach, this paper examined "the impact of social progress on innovative entrepreneurship from an international perspective". Using "the multiple linear regression model with cross-sectional information from the Global Observatory of Entrepreneurship, social development indicators, the Global Values ​​Survey, the Hofstede Center, the United Nations Development Program, and global development indicators", the researchers found that the dimensions of social orientation of progress such as "a voluntary spirit, correlation remain against values ​​of self-expression and the distance of strength with entrepreneurial activity". More specifically, the main findings showed that high voluntary spirit has had a positive and statistically significant effect on early stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA).

4. Mudambi et al, 2018: "Location, collocation and innovation by multinational enterprises: A research agenda".

"The distribution of creative economic activity in space was considered from three distinct perspectives: international business focuses on multinational projects and the location of activities across national borders; Economic geography studies the features of a site's website; Innovation scientists are primarily concerned with the techniques and knowledge that arise from the interaction of the site and the creativity of actors. All of these societies have drawn attention to aggregation. However, the relationship between the three manners is surprisingly thin, especially with regard to conditions in which aggregation is an advantage or a disadvantage. This paper assessed the knowledge developed by the three communities and convey the discussion further by qualifying a number of these conditions".

What distinguishes the current study from previous studies:

Despite taking advantage of previous studies through the theoretical framework of the current study, and inferring books and references that researchers used in their previous studies, this study is distinguished from previous studies, as follows:

1. This study seeks to identify the impact of fostering entrepreneurial innovation in multinational enterprises on the country's national economy, which hasn't been addressed previously by any researcher according to the knowledge of the researcher.
2. Also this study will be carried out in a different environment from the environments on which previous studies were conducted.
3. This study will be applied to different population and sample, and thus, the results of the study will be unique in its nature.

Timeline

The research will be finished within four years. The following table displays important milestones and estimated completion date.

References:

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Anicic, J., Laketa, M., Laketa, L., Anicic, D., & Lukic, S. (2014). Entrepreneurship development in Serbia: The chance for a way out of economic crisis. UTMS Journal of Economics, 5(2), 189-198.

Bosma, N., Sanders, M., & Stam, E. (2018). Institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth in Europe. Small Business Economics, 51(2), 483-499.‏

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Elert, N., Henrekson, M., & Stenkula, M. (2017). Institutional reform for innovation and entrepreneurship: An agenda for Europe. Springer Nature.‏

Lin, J., & Nabergoj, A. S. (2014). A resource‐based view of entrepreneurial creativity and its implication in entrepreneurship education. In 2nd International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (p. 307).‏

Marcotte, C. (2014). Entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging economies. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

McCann, P., & Ortega-Argilés, R. (2016). Smart specialisation, entrepreneurship and SMEs: issues and challenges for a results-oriented EU regional policy. Small Business Economics, 46(4), 537-552.‏

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Rostarova, M., & Rentkova, K. (2016). Investment criteria of the successful start-up accelerators. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 109.

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Urbano, D., Aparicio, S., & Querol, V. (2016). Social progress orientation and innovative entrepreneurship: an international analysis. Journal of evolutionary economics, 26(5), 1033-1066.

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